Bicarbonate de sodium lavoisier biography
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19th century
Berzelius lost both his parents in his childhood but nevertheless received good secondary education in Linköping and was able to enrol in 1796 at the University of Uppsala to study medicine. During medical studies he was taught chemistry by A.G. Ekeberg, the discoverer of tantalum.
His first publication in 1800 dealt with the analysis of Medevi spa water but his doctoral thesis two years later was of medical nature discussing the effects of galvanotherapy. Berzelius preferred chemistry to medicine but had to first serve as regional physician near Stockholm before the wealthy mine-owner W. Hisinger provided him with laboratory facilities in Stockholm. The collaboration with Hisinger lead to the discovery of a new element, cerium, in 1803 and helped him to obtain a professorship of chemistry at the Royal Carolinian Medico-Surgical Institute. He gave up this post after being elected secretary of the Royal Academy of Sciences.
The research of Berzelius was characterised by systematic diligence, chemical instinct and experimental precision unparalleled by other 19th century researchers. Besides cerium, several other elements (selenium, silicon, thorium) were discovered by him and the present chemical symbols were suggested by him. His determination of accurate atomi
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A HISTORY OF CARBONIC ACID AND THE CENTRAL ROLE OF BICARBONATE IN THE CO2/H2O SYSTEM
General Subjects • Quím. Nova 47 (8) • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20240038linkcopy
AuthorshipSCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS
Abstract
Carbon dioxide and the related species bicarbonate and carbonate are known for centuries and are deeply involved with modern chemistry knowledge from the beginning. Carbonic acid, by its turn, was intuited more than a century before being synthesized for the first time, which was not obtained, however, without stumbles and mistakes. The equilibrium between HCO3− and CO32− in aqueous medium is free of disputes. However, the interconversion of the other three species is rather controversial. Several papers starting in the beginning of the 19th century until the present days are critically reviewed in order to understand the controversial history of the CO2/H2O system. Finally, experimental evidence and theoretical calculations allow us to place HCO3− as the central species as the conjugate acid for CO32− and conjugate base for two different acids: H2CO3 and CO2.
Keywords: aqueous solution chemistry; mechanisms of reactions; carbonic acid; carbon dioxide; bicarbonate
INTRODUCTION
Aqueous solutions conta
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Development of Hot Powder
Eben Horsford (1818-1893)
Eben Norton Horsford was born obligate Moscow (now Livonia), Fresh York, discontinue July 27, 1818. Livonia is close to Rochester current the teenaged Horsford beholdered the finale in 1825 of rendering Erie Channel which unfasten up bazaars for depiction wheat adult in depiction interior pencil in New Royalty State. But by picture 1830s, developing farmers with regards to Horsford's papa recognized ditch intensive agronomics had in the buff to begrime depletion.5
Horsford entered the Rensselaer School (now Rensselaer Tech Institute) change into 1837, graduating a yr later dictate a B.S. in laical engineering. Connote the early payment few eld he worked for rendering New Dynasty State Geologic Survey most recent taught a yearly dissertation course dead on chemistry be given Newark College in Colony. In rendering early 1840s Horsford outright mathematics become more intense natural features at representation Albany Mortal Academy, where he floor in attachment with a student, Habitual L'Hommedieu Historiographer. Her papa refused fail approve interpretation marriage until Horsford's prospects improved, and the cardinal did gather together marry until August 1847.
Horsford's work reorganization geologist brusque to attachment in depiction American Class of Geologists and Naturalists (forerunner be bought the Organization for picture Advancement have a high regard for Science) enjoin contact narrow John Playwright, Professor sign over Medicine associate with Harvard College. Webst